Add support for large sampler arrays on Vulkan (#6489)

* Add support for large sampler arrays on Vulkan

* Shader cache version bump

* Format whitespace

* Move DescriptorSetManager to PipelineLayoutCacheEntry to allow different pool sizes per layout

* Handle array textures with different types on the same buffer

* Somewhat better caching system

* Avoid useless buffer data modification checks

* Move redundant bindings update checking to the backend

* Fix an issue where texture arrays would get the same bindings across stages on Vulkan

* Backport some fixes from part 2

* Fix typo

* PR feedback

* Format whitespace

* Add some missing XML docs

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/DescriptorSetManager.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 {
     class DescriptorSetManager : IDisposable
     {
-        public const uint MaxSets = 16;
+        public const uint MaxSets = 8;
 
         public class DescriptorPoolHolder : IDisposable
         {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/DescriptorSetUpdater.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
     class DescriptorSetUpdater
     {
         private const ulong StorageBufferMaxMirrorable = 0x2000;
+
+        private const int ArrayGrowthSize = 16;
+
         private record struct BufferRef
         {
             public Auto<DisposableBuffer> Buffer;
@@ -65,6 +68,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
         }
 
+        private record struct ArrayRef<T>
+        {
+            public ShaderStage Stage;
+            public T Array;
+
+            public ArrayRef(ShaderStage stage, T array)
+            {
+                Stage = stage;
+                Array = array;
+            }
+        }
+
         private readonly VulkanRenderer _gd;
         private readonly Device _device;
         private readonly PipelineBase _pipeline;
@@ -78,6 +93,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private readonly TextureBuffer[] _bufferImageRefs;
         private readonly Format[] _bufferImageFormats;
 
+        private ArrayRef<TextureArray>[] _textureArrayRefs;
+        private ArrayRef<ImageArray>[] _imageArrayRefs;
+
         private readonly DescriptorBufferInfo[] _uniformBuffers;
         private readonly DescriptorBufferInfo[] _storageBuffers;
         private readonly DescriptorImageInfo[] _textures;
@@ -130,6 +148,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _bufferImageRefs = new TextureBuffer[Constants.MaxImageBindings * 2];
             _bufferImageFormats = new Format[Constants.MaxImageBindings * 2];
 
+            _textureArrayRefs = Array.Empty<ArrayRef<TextureArray>>();
+            _imageArrayRefs = Array.Empty<ArrayRef<ImageArray>>();
+
             _uniformBuffers = new DescriptorBufferInfo[Constants.MaxUniformBufferBindings];
             _storageBuffers = new DescriptorBufferInfo[Constants.MaxStorageBufferBindings];
             _textures = new DescriptorImageInfo[Constants.MaxTexturesPerStage];
@@ -263,10 +284,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 if (segment.Type == ResourceType.TextureAndSampler)
                 {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < segment.Count; i++)
+                    if (!segment.IsArray)
                     {
-                        ref var texture = ref _textureRefs[segment.Binding + i];
-                        texture.Storage?.QueueWriteToReadBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit, texture.Stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags());
+                        for (int i = 0; i < segment.Count; i++)
+                        {
+                            ref var texture = ref _textureRefs[segment.Binding + i];
+                            texture.Storage?.QueueWriteToReadBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit, texture.Stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        PipelineStageFlags stageFlags = _textureArrayRefs[segment.Binding].Stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags();
+                        _textureArrayRefs[segment.Binding].Array?.QueueWriteToReadBarriers(cbs, stageFlags);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -275,10 +304,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             {
                 if (segment.Type == ResourceType.Image)
                 {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < segment.Count; i++)
+                    if (!segment.IsArray)
                     {
-                        ref var image = ref _imageRefs[segment.Binding + i];
-                        image.Storage?.QueueWriteToReadBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit, image.Stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags());
+                        for (int i = 0; i < segment.Count; i++)
+                        {
+                            ref var image = ref _imageRefs[segment.Binding + i];
+                            image.Storage?.QueueWriteToReadBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit, image.Stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        PipelineStageFlags stageFlags = _imageArrayRefs[segment.Binding].Stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags();
+                        _imageArrayRefs[segment.Binding].Array?.QueueWriteToReadBarriers(cbs, stageFlags);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -455,6 +492,58 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             }
         }
 
+        public void SetTextureArray(CommandBufferScoped cbs, ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITextureArray array)
+        {
+            if (_textureArrayRefs.Length <= binding)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref _textureArrayRefs, binding + ArrayGrowthSize);
+            }
+
+            if (_textureArrayRefs[binding].Stage != stage || _textureArrayRefs[binding].Array != array)
+            {
+                if (_textureArrayRefs[binding].Array != null)
+                {
+                    _textureArrayRefs[binding].Array.Bound = false;
+                }
+
+                if (array is TextureArray textureArray)
+                {
+                    textureArray.Bound = true;
+                    textureArray.QueueWriteToReadBarriers(cbs, stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags());
+                }
+
+                _textureArrayRefs[binding] = new ArrayRef<TextureArray>(stage, array as TextureArray);
+
+                SignalDirty(DirtyFlags.Texture);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void SetImageArray(CommandBufferScoped cbs, ShaderStage stage, int binding, IImageArray array)
+        {
+            if (_imageArrayRefs.Length <= binding)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref _imageArrayRefs, binding + ArrayGrowthSize);
+            }
+
+            if (_imageArrayRefs[binding].Stage != stage || _imageArrayRefs[binding].Array != array)
+            {
+                if (_imageArrayRefs[binding].Array != null)
+                {
+                    _imageArrayRefs[binding].Array.Bound = false;
+                }
+
+                if (array is ImageArray imageArray)
+                {
+                    imageArray.Bound = true;
+                    imageArray.QueueWriteToReadBarriers(cbs, stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags());
+                }
+
+                _imageArrayRefs[binding] = new ArrayRef<ImageArray>(stage, array as ImageArray);
+
+                SignalDirty(DirtyFlags.Image);
+            }
+        }
+
         public void SetUniformBuffers(CommandBuffer commandBuffer, ReadOnlySpan<BufferAssignment> buffers)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < buffers.Length; i++)
@@ -653,66 +742,94 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 }
                 else if (setIndex == PipelineBase.TextureSetIndex)
                 {
-                    if (segment.Type != ResourceType.BufferTexture)
+                    if (!segment.IsArray)
                     {
-                        Span<DescriptorImageInfo> textures = _textures;
-
-                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                        if (segment.Type != ResourceType.BufferTexture)
                         {
-                            ref var texture = ref textures[i];
-                            ref var refs = ref _textureRefs[binding + i];
+                            Span<DescriptorImageInfo> textures = _textures;
 
-                            texture.ImageView = refs.View?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
-                            texture.Sampler = refs.Sampler?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
-
-                            if (texture.ImageView.Handle == 0)
+                            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
                             {
-                                texture.ImageView = _dummyTexture.GetImageView().Get(cbs).Value;
+                                ref var texture = ref textures[i];
+                                ref var refs = ref _textureRefs[binding + i];
+
+                                texture.ImageView = refs.View?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
+                                texture.Sampler = refs.Sampler?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
+
+                                if (texture.ImageView.Handle == 0)
+                                {
+                                    texture.ImageView = _dummyTexture.GetImageView().Get(cbs).Value;
+                                }
+
+                                if (texture.Sampler.Handle == 0)
+                                {
+                                    texture.Sampler = _dummySampler.GetSampler().Get(cbs).Value;
+                                }
                             }
 
-                            if (texture.Sampler.Handle == 0)
-                            {
-                                texture.Sampler = _dummySampler.GetSampler().Get(cbs).Value;
-                            }
+                            tu.Push<DescriptorImageInfo>(textures[..count]);
                         }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            Span<BufferView> bufferTextures = _bufferTextures;
 
-                        tu.Push<DescriptorImageInfo>(textures[..count]);
+                            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                            {
+                                bufferTextures[i] = _bufferTextureRefs[binding + i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, false) ?? default;
+                            }
+
+                            tu.Push<BufferView>(bufferTextures[..count]);
+                        }
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        Span<BufferView> bufferTextures = _bufferTextures;
-
-                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                        if (segment.Type != ResourceType.BufferTexture)
                         {
-                            bufferTextures[i] = _bufferTextureRefs[binding + i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, false) ?? default;
+                            tu.Push(_textureArrayRefs[binding].Array.GetImageInfos(_gd, cbs, _dummyTexture, _dummySampler));
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            tu.Push(_textureArrayRefs[binding].Array.GetBufferViews(cbs));
                         }
-
-                        tu.Push<BufferView>(bufferTextures[..count]);
                     }
                 }
                 else if (setIndex == PipelineBase.ImageSetIndex)
                 {
-                    if (segment.Type != ResourceType.BufferImage)
+                    if (!segment.IsArray)
                     {
-                        Span<DescriptorImageInfo> images = _images;
-
-                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                        if (segment.Type != ResourceType.BufferImage)
                         {
-                            images[i].ImageView = _imageRefs[binding + i].View?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
-                        }
+                            Span<DescriptorImageInfo> images = _images;
 
-                        tu.Push<DescriptorImageInfo>(images[..count]);
+                            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                            {
+                                images[i].ImageView = _imageRefs[binding + i].View?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
+                            }
+
+                            tu.Push<DescriptorImageInfo>(images[..count]);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            Span<BufferView> bufferImages = _bufferImages;
+
+                            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                            {
+                                bufferImages[i] = _bufferImageRefs[binding + i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, _bufferImageFormats[binding + i], true) ?? default;
+                            }
+
+                            tu.Push<BufferView>(bufferImages[..count]);
+                        }
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        Span<BufferView> bufferImages = _bufferImages;
-
-                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                        if (segment.Type != ResourceType.BufferTexture)
                         {
-                            bufferImages[i] = _bufferImageRefs[binding + i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, _bufferImageFormats[binding + i], true) ?? default;
+                            tu.Push(_imageArrayRefs[binding].Array.GetImageInfos(_gd, cbs, _dummyTexture));
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            tu.Push(_imageArrayRefs[binding].Array.GetBufferViews(cbs));
                         }
-
-                        tu.Push<BufferView>(bufferImages[..count]);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -825,6 +942,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             AdvancePdSequence();
         }
 
+        public void ForceTextureDirty()
+        {
+            SignalDirty(DirtyFlags.Texture);
+        }
+
+        public void ForceImageDirty()
+        {
+            SignalDirty(DirtyFlags.Image);
+        }
+
         private static void SwapBuffer(BufferRef[] list, Auto<DisposableBuffer> from, Auto<DisposableBuffer> to)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < list.Length; i++)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/ImageArray.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
+{
+    class ImageArray : IImageArray
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanRenderer _gd;
+
+        private record struct TextureRef
+        {
+            public TextureStorage Storage;
+            public TextureView View;
+            public GAL.Format ImageFormat;
+        }
+
+        private readonly TextureRef[] _textureRefs;
+        private readonly TextureBuffer[] _bufferTextureRefs;
+
+        private readonly DescriptorImageInfo[] _textures;
+        private readonly BufferView[] _bufferTextures;
+
+        private HashSet<TextureStorage> _storages;
+
+        private int _cachedCommandBufferIndex;
+        private int _cachedSubmissionCount;
+
+        private readonly bool _isBuffer;
+
+        public bool Bound;
+
+        public ImageArray(VulkanRenderer gd, int size, bool isBuffer)
+        {
+            _gd = gd;
+
+            if (isBuffer)
+            {
+                _bufferTextureRefs = new TextureBuffer[size];
+                _bufferTextures = new BufferView[size];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _textureRefs = new TextureRef[size];
+                _textures = new DescriptorImageInfo[size];
+            }
+
+            _storages = null;
+
+            _cachedCommandBufferIndex = -1;
+            _cachedSubmissionCount = 0;
+
+            _isBuffer = isBuffer;
+        }
+
+        public void SetFormats(int index, GAL.Format[] imageFormats)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < imageFormats.Length; i++)
+            {
+                _textureRefs[index + i].ImageFormat = imageFormats[i];
+            }
+
+            SetDirty();
+        }
+
+        public void SetImages(int index, ITexture[] images)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < images.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ITexture image = images[i];
+
+                if (image is TextureBuffer textureBuffer)
+                {
+                    _bufferTextureRefs[index + i] = textureBuffer;
+                }
+                else if (image is TextureView view)
+                {
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].Storage = view.Storage;
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].View = view;
+                }
+                else if (!_isBuffer)
+                {
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].Storage = null;
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].View = default;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _bufferTextureRefs[index + i] = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            SetDirty();
+        }
+
+        private void SetDirty()
+        {
+            _cachedCommandBufferIndex = -1;
+            _storages = null;
+
+            _gd.PipelineInternal.ForceImageDirty();
+        }
+
+        public void QueueWriteToReadBarriers(CommandBufferScoped cbs, PipelineStageFlags stageFlags)
+        {
+            HashSet<TextureStorage> storages = _storages;
+
+            if (storages == null)
+            {
+                storages = new HashSet<TextureStorage>();
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < _textureRefs.Length; index++)
+                {
+                    if (_textureRefs[index].Storage != null)
+                    {
+                        storages.Add(_textureRefs[index].Storage);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _storages = storages;
+            }
+
+            foreach (TextureStorage storage in storages)
+            {
+                storage.QueueWriteToReadBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit, stageFlags);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ReadOnlySpan<DescriptorImageInfo> GetImageInfos(VulkanRenderer gd, CommandBufferScoped cbs, TextureView dummyTexture)
+        {
+            int submissionCount = gd.CommandBufferPool.GetSubmissionCount(cbs.CommandBufferIndex);
+
+            Span<DescriptorImageInfo> textures = _textures;
+
+            if (cbs.CommandBufferIndex == _cachedCommandBufferIndex && submissionCount == _cachedSubmissionCount)
+            {
+                return textures;
+            }
+
+            _cachedCommandBufferIndex = cbs.CommandBufferIndex;
+            _cachedSubmissionCount = submissionCount;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < textures.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ref var texture = ref textures[i];
+                ref var refs = ref _textureRefs[i];
+
+                if (i > 0 && _textureRefs[i - 1].View == refs.View && _textureRefs[i - 1].ImageFormat == refs.ImageFormat)
+                {
+                    texture = textures[i - 1];
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                texture.ImageLayout = ImageLayout.General;
+                texture.ImageView = refs.View?.GetView(refs.ImageFormat).GetIdentityImageView().Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
+
+                if (texture.ImageView.Handle == 0)
+                {
+                    texture.ImageView = dummyTexture.GetImageView().Get(cbs).Value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return textures;
+        }
+
+        public ReadOnlySpan<BufferView> GetBufferViews(CommandBufferScoped cbs)
+        {
+            Span<BufferView> bufferTextures = _bufferTextures;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < bufferTextures.Length; i++)
+            {
+                bufferTextures[i] = _bufferTextureRefs[i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, _textureRefs[i].ImageFormat, true) ?? default;
+            }
+
+            return bufferTextures;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineBase.cs

@@ -898,6 +898,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _descriptorSetUpdater.SetImage(binding, image);
         }
 
+        public void SetImageArray(ShaderStage stage, int binding, IImageArray array)
+        {
+            _descriptorSetUpdater.SetImageArray(Cbs, stage, binding, array);
+        }
+
         public void SetIndexBuffer(BufferRange buffer, IndexType type)
         {
             if (buffer.Handle != BufferHandle.Null)
@@ -1146,6 +1151,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _descriptorSetUpdater.SetTextureAndSamplerIdentitySwizzle(Cbs, stage, binding, texture, sampler);
         }
 
+        public void SetTextureArray(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITextureArray array)
+        {
+            _descriptorSetUpdater.SetTextureArray(Cbs, stage, binding, array);
+        }
+
         public void SetTransformFeedbackBuffers(ReadOnlySpan<BufferRange> buffers)
         {
             PauseTransformFeedbackInternal();
@@ -1375,6 +1385,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             SignalCommandBufferChange();
         }
 
+        public void ForceTextureDirty()
+        {
+            _descriptorSetUpdater.ForceTextureDirty();
+        }
+
+        public void ForceImageDirty()
+        {
+            _descriptorSetUpdater.ForceImageDirty();
+        }
+
         public unsafe void TextureBarrier()
         {
             MemoryBarrier memoryBarrier = new()

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineLayoutCacheEntry.cs

@@ -8,14 +8,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 {
     class PipelineLayoutCacheEntry
     {
-        // Those were adjusted based on current descriptor usage and the descriptor counts usually used on pipeline layouts.
-        // It might be a good idea to tweak them again if those change, or maybe find a way to calculate an optimal value dynamically.
-        private const uint DefaultUniformBufferPoolCapacity = 19 * DescriptorSetManager.MaxSets;
-        private const uint DefaultStorageBufferPoolCapacity = 16 * DescriptorSetManager.MaxSets;
-        private const uint DefaultTexturePoolCapacity = 128 * DescriptorSetManager.MaxSets;
-        private const uint DefaultImagePoolCapacity = 8 * DescriptorSetManager.MaxSets;
-
-        private const int MaxPoolSizesPerSet = 2;
+        private const int MaxPoolSizesPerSet = 8;
 
         private readonly VulkanRenderer _gd;
         private readonly Device _device;
@@ -24,6 +17,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         public PipelineLayout PipelineLayout { get; }
 
         private readonly int[] _consumedDescriptorsPerSet;
+        private readonly DescriptorPoolSize[][] _poolSizes;
+
+        private readonly DescriptorSetManager _descriptorSetManager;
 
         private readonly List<Auto<DescriptorSetCollection>>[][] _dsCache;
         private List<Auto<DescriptorSetCollection>>[] _currentDsCache;
@@ -65,6 +61,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             (DescriptorSetLayouts, PipelineLayout) = PipelineLayoutFactory.Create(gd, device, setDescriptors, usePushDescriptors);
 
             _consumedDescriptorsPerSet = new int[setDescriptors.Count];
+            _poolSizes = new DescriptorPoolSize[setDescriptors.Count][];
+
+            Span<DescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes = stackalloc DescriptorPoolSize[MaxPoolSizesPerSet];
 
             for (int setIndex = 0; setIndex < setDescriptors.Count; setIndex++)
             {
@@ -76,6 +75,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 }
 
                 _consumedDescriptorsPerSet[setIndex] = count;
+                _poolSizes[setIndex] = GetDescriptorPoolSizes(poolSizes, setDescriptors[setIndex], DescriptorSetManager.MaxSets).ToArray();
             }
 
             if (usePushDescriptors)
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 _pdDescriptors = setDescriptors[0];
                 _pdTemplates = new();
             }
+
+            _descriptorSetManager = new DescriptorSetManager(_device, setDescriptors.Count);
         }
 
         public void UpdateCommandBufferIndex(int commandBufferIndex)
@@ -105,17 +107,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             int index = _dsCacheCursor[setIndex]++;
             if (index == list.Count)
             {
-                Span<DescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes = stackalloc DescriptorPoolSize[MaxPoolSizesPerSet];
-                poolSizes = GetDescriptorPoolSizes(poolSizes, setIndex);
-
-                int consumedDescriptors = _consumedDescriptorsPerSet[setIndex];
-
-                var dsc = _gd.DescriptorSetManager.AllocateDescriptorSet(
+                var dsc = _descriptorSetManager.AllocateDescriptorSet(
                     _gd.Api,
                     DescriptorSetLayouts[setIndex],
-                    poolSizes,
+                    _poolSizes[setIndex],
                     setIndex,
-                    consumedDescriptors,
+                    _consumedDescriptorsPerSet[setIndex],
                     false);
 
                 list.Add(dsc);
@@ -127,28 +124,35 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return list[index];
         }
 
-        private static Span<DescriptorPoolSize> GetDescriptorPoolSizes(Span<DescriptorPoolSize> output, int setIndex)
+        private static Span<DescriptorPoolSize> GetDescriptorPoolSizes(Span<DescriptorPoolSize> output, ResourceDescriptorCollection setDescriptor, uint multiplier)
         {
-            int count = 1;
+            int count = 0;
 
-            switch (setIndex)
+            for (int index = 0; index < setDescriptor.Descriptors.Count; index++)
             {
-                case PipelineBase.UniformSetIndex:
-                    output[0] = new(DescriptorType.UniformBuffer, DefaultUniformBufferPoolCapacity);
-                    break;
-                case PipelineBase.StorageSetIndex:
-                    output[0] = new(DescriptorType.StorageBuffer, DefaultStorageBufferPoolCapacity);
-                    break;
-                case PipelineBase.TextureSetIndex:
-                    output[0] = new(DescriptorType.CombinedImageSampler, DefaultTexturePoolCapacity);
-                    output[1] = new(DescriptorType.UniformTexelBuffer, DefaultTexturePoolCapacity);
-                    count = 2;
-                    break;
-                case PipelineBase.ImageSetIndex:
-                    output[0] = new(DescriptorType.StorageImage, DefaultImagePoolCapacity);
-                    output[1] = new(DescriptorType.StorageTexelBuffer, DefaultImagePoolCapacity);
-                    count = 2;
-                    break;
+                ResourceDescriptor descriptor = setDescriptor.Descriptors[index];
+                DescriptorType descriptorType = descriptor.Type.Convert();
+
+                bool found = false;
+
+                for (int poolSizeIndex = 0; poolSizeIndex < count; poolSizeIndex++)
+                {
+                    if (output[poolSizeIndex].Type == descriptorType)
+                    {
+                        output[poolSizeIndex].DescriptorCount += (uint)descriptor.Count * multiplier;
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!found)
+                {
+                    output[count++] = new DescriptorPoolSize()
+                    {
+                        Type = descriptorType,
+                        DescriptorCount = (uint)descriptor.Count,
+                    };
+                }
             }
 
             return output[..count];
@@ -206,6 +210,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 {
                     _gd.Api.DestroyDescriptorSetLayout(_device, DescriptorSetLayouts[i], null);
                 }
+
+                _descriptorSetManager.Dispose();
             }
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/ResourceBindingSegment.cs

@@ -8,13 +8,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         public readonly int Count;
         public readonly ResourceType Type;
         public readonly ResourceStages Stages;
+        public readonly bool IsArray;
 
-        public ResourceBindingSegment(int binding, int count, ResourceType type, ResourceStages stages)
+        public ResourceBindingSegment(int binding, int count, ResourceType type, ResourceStages stages, bool isArray)
         {
             Binding = binding;
             Count = count;
             Type = type;
             Stages = stages;
+            IsArray = isArray;
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/ResourceLayoutBuilder.cs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             };
 
             _resourceDescriptors[setIndex].Add(new ResourceDescriptor(binding, 1, type, stages));
-            _resourceUsages[setIndex].Add(new ResourceUsage(binding, type, stages));
+            _resourceUsages[setIndex].Add(new ResourceUsage(binding, 1, type, stages));
 
             return this;
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/ShaderCollection.cs

@@ -241,7 +241,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                     if (currentDescriptor.Binding + currentCount != descriptor.Binding ||
                         currentDescriptor.Type != descriptor.Type ||
-                        currentDescriptor.Stages != descriptor.Stages)
+                        currentDescriptor.Stages != descriptor.Stages ||
+                        currentDescriptor.Count > 1 ||
+                        descriptor.Count > 1)
                     {
                         if (currentCount != 0)
                         {
@@ -249,7 +251,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                                 currentDescriptor.Binding,
                                 currentCount,
                                 currentDescriptor.Type,
-                                currentDescriptor.Stages));
+                                currentDescriptor.Stages,
+                                currentDescriptor.Count > 1));
                         }
 
                         currentDescriptor = descriptor;
@@ -267,7 +270,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                         currentDescriptor.Binding,
                         currentCount,
                         currentDescriptor.Type,
-                        currentDescriptor.Stages));
+                        currentDescriptor.Stages,
+                        currentDescriptor.Count > 1));
                 }
 
                 segments[setIndex] = currentSegments.ToArray();
@@ -293,7 +297,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                     if (currentUsage.Binding + currentCount != usage.Binding ||
                         currentUsage.Type != usage.Type ||
-                        currentUsage.Stages != usage.Stages)
+                        currentUsage.Stages != usage.Stages ||
+                        currentUsage.ArrayLength > 1 ||
+                        usage.ArrayLength > 1)
                     {
                         if (currentCount != 0)
                         {
@@ -301,11 +307,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                                 currentUsage.Binding,
                                 currentCount,
                                 currentUsage.Type,
-                                currentUsage.Stages));
+                                currentUsage.Stages,
+                                currentUsage.ArrayLength > 1));
                         }
 
                         currentUsage = usage;
-                        currentCount = 1;
+                        currentCount = usage.ArrayLength;
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -319,7 +326,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                         currentUsage.Binding,
                         currentCount,
                         currentUsage.Type,
-                        currentUsage.Stages));
+                        currentUsage.Stages,
+                        currentUsage.ArrayLength > 1));
                 }
 
                 segments[setIndex] = currentSegments.ToArray();
@@ -344,7 +352,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                 if (segments != null && segments.Length > 0)
                 {
-                    templates[setIndex] = new DescriptorSetTemplate(_gd, _device, segments, _plce, IsCompute ? PipelineBindPoint.Compute : PipelineBindPoint.Graphics, setIndex);
+                    templates[setIndex] = new DescriptorSetTemplate(
+                        _gd,
+                        _device,
+                        segments,
+                        _plce,
+                        IsCompute ? PipelineBindPoint.Compute : PipelineBindPoint.Graphics,
+                        setIndex);
                 }
             }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/TextureArray.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
+{
+    class TextureArray : ITextureArray
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanRenderer _gd;
+
+        private struct TextureRef
+        {
+            public TextureStorage Storage;
+            public Auto<DisposableImageView> View;
+            public Auto<DisposableSampler> Sampler;
+        }
+
+        private readonly TextureRef[] _textureRefs;
+        private readonly TextureBuffer[] _bufferTextureRefs;
+
+        private readonly DescriptorImageInfo[] _textures;
+        private readonly BufferView[] _bufferTextures;
+
+        private HashSet<TextureStorage> _storages;
+
+        private int _cachedCommandBufferIndex;
+        private int _cachedSubmissionCount;
+
+        private readonly bool _isBuffer;
+
+        public bool Bound;
+
+        public TextureArray(VulkanRenderer gd, int size, bool isBuffer)
+        {
+            _gd = gd;
+
+            if (isBuffer)
+            {
+                _bufferTextureRefs = new TextureBuffer[size];
+                _bufferTextures = new BufferView[size];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _textureRefs = new TextureRef[size];
+                _textures = new DescriptorImageInfo[size];
+            }
+
+            _storages = null;
+
+            _cachedCommandBufferIndex = -1;
+            _cachedSubmissionCount = 0;
+
+            _isBuffer = isBuffer;
+        }
+
+        public void SetSamplers(int index, ISampler[] samplers)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < samplers.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ISampler sampler = samplers[i];
+
+                if (sampler is SamplerHolder samplerHolder)
+                {
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].Sampler = samplerHolder.GetSampler();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].Sampler = default;
+                }
+            }
+
+            SetDirty();
+        }
+
+        public void SetTextures(int index, ITexture[] textures)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < textures.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ITexture texture = textures[i];
+
+                if (texture is TextureBuffer textureBuffer)
+                {
+                    _bufferTextureRefs[index + i] = textureBuffer;
+                }
+                else if (texture is TextureView view)
+                {
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].Storage = view.Storage;
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].View = view.GetImageView();
+                }
+                else if (!_isBuffer)
+                {
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].Storage = null;
+                    _textureRefs[index + i].View = default;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _bufferTextureRefs[index + i] = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            SetDirty();
+        }
+
+        private void SetDirty()
+        {
+            _cachedCommandBufferIndex = -1;
+            _storages = null;
+
+            _gd.PipelineInternal.ForceTextureDirty();
+        }
+
+        public void QueueWriteToReadBarriers(CommandBufferScoped cbs, PipelineStageFlags stageFlags)
+        {
+            HashSet<TextureStorage> storages = _storages;
+
+            if (storages == null)
+            {
+                storages = new HashSet<TextureStorage>();
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < _textureRefs.Length; index++)
+                {
+                    if (_textureRefs[index].Storage != null)
+                    {
+                        storages.Add(_textureRefs[index].Storage);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _storages = storages;
+            }
+
+            foreach (TextureStorage storage in storages)
+            {
+                storage.QueueWriteToReadBarrier(cbs, AccessFlags.ShaderReadBit, stageFlags);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ReadOnlySpan<DescriptorImageInfo> GetImageInfos(VulkanRenderer gd, CommandBufferScoped cbs, TextureView dummyTexture, SamplerHolder dummySampler)
+        {
+            int submissionCount = gd.CommandBufferPool.GetSubmissionCount(cbs.CommandBufferIndex);
+
+            Span<DescriptorImageInfo> textures = _textures;
+
+            if (cbs.CommandBufferIndex == _cachedCommandBufferIndex && submissionCount == _cachedSubmissionCount)
+            {
+                return textures;
+            }
+
+            _cachedCommandBufferIndex = cbs.CommandBufferIndex;
+            _cachedSubmissionCount = submissionCount;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < textures.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ref var texture = ref textures[i];
+                ref var refs = ref _textureRefs[i];
+
+                if (i > 0 && _textureRefs[i - 1].View == refs.View && _textureRefs[i - 1].Sampler == refs.Sampler)
+                {
+                    texture = textures[i - 1];
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                texture.ImageLayout = ImageLayout.General;
+                texture.ImageView = refs.View?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
+                texture.Sampler = refs.Sampler?.Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
+
+                if (texture.ImageView.Handle == 0)
+                {
+                    texture.ImageView = dummyTexture.GetImageView().Get(cbs).Value;
+                }
+
+                if (texture.Sampler.Handle == 0)
+                {
+                    texture.Sampler = dummySampler.GetSampler().Get(cbs).Value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return textures;
+        }
+
+        public ReadOnlySpan<BufferView> GetBufferViews(CommandBufferScoped cbs)
+        {
+            Span<BufferView> bufferTextures = _bufferTextures;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < bufferTextures.Length; i++)
+            {
+                bufferTextures[i] = _bufferTextureRefs[i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, false) ?? default;
+            }
+
+            return bufferTextures;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanRenderer.cs

@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         internal MemoryAllocator MemoryAllocator { get; private set; }
         internal HostMemoryAllocator HostMemoryAllocator { get; private set; }
         internal CommandBufferPool CommandBufferPool { get; private set; }
-        internal DescriptorSetManager DescriptorSetManager { get; private set; }
         internal PipelineLayoutCache PipelineLayoutCache { get; private set; }
         internal BackgroundResources BackgroundResources { get; private set; }
         internal Action<Action> InterruptAction { get; private set; }
@@ -414,8 +413,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             CommandBufferPool = new CommandBufferPool(Api, _device, Queue, QueueLock, queueFamilyIndex);
 
-            DescriptorSetManager = new DescriptorSetManager(_device, PipelineBase.DescriptorSetLayouts);
-
             PipelineLayoutCache = new PipelineLayoutCache();
 
             BackgroundResources = new BackgroundResources(this, _device);
@@ -507,6 +504,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return BufferManager.CreateSparse(this, storageBuffers);
         }
 
+        public IImageArray CreateImageArray(int size, bool isBuffer)
+        {
+            return new ImageArray(this, size, isBuffer);
+        }
+
         public IProgram CreateProgram(ShaderSource[] sources, ShaderInfo info)
         {
             bool isCompute = sources.Length == 1 && sources[0].Stage == ShaderStage.Compute;
@@ -539,6 +541,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             return CreateTextureView(info);
         }
 
+        public ITextureArray CreateTextureArray(int size, bool isBuffer)
+        {
+            return new TextureArray(this, size, isBuffer);
+        }
+
         internal TextureView CreateTextureView(TextureCreateInfo info)
         {
             // This should be disposed when all views are destroyed.
@@ -925,7 +932,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             HelperShader.Dispose();
             _pipeline.Dispose();
             BufferManager.Dispose();
-            DescriptorSetManager.Dispose();
             PipelineLayoutCache.Dispose();
             Barriers.Dispose();