windows: Address a bunch of address space problems

src/core/address_space.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ static constexpr size_t BackingSize = SCE_KERNEL_MAIN_DMEM_SIZE_PRO;
     }
 }
 
+struct MemoryRegion {
+    VAddr base;
+    size_t size;
+    bool is_mapped;
+};
+
 struct AddressSpace::Impl {
     Impl() : process{GetCurrentProcess()} {
         // Allocate virtual address placeholder for our address space.
@@ -75,6 +81,7 @@ struct AddressSpace::Impl {
                    Common::GetLastErrorMsg());
 
         // Take the reduction off of the system managed area, and leave the others unchanged.
+        reduction = size_t(virtual_base - SYSTEM_MANAGED_MIN);
         system_managed_base = virtual_base;
         system_managed_size = SystemManagedSize - reduction;
         system_reserved_base = reinterpret_cast<u8*>(SYSTEM_RESERVED_MIN);
@@ -95,7 +102,8 @@ struct AddressSpace::Impl {
         const uintptr_t system_managed_addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(system_managed_base);
         const uintptr_t system_reserved_addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(system_reserved_base);
         const uintptr_t user_addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(user_base);
-        placeholders.insert({system_managed_addr, virtual_size - reduction});
+        regions.emplace(system_managed_addr,
+                             MemoryRegion{system_managed_addr, virtual_size - reduction, false});
 
         // Allocate backing file that represents the total physical memory.
         backing_handle =
@@ -132,42 +140,15 @@ struct AddressSpace::Impl {
     }
 
     void* Map(VAddr virtual_addr, PAddr phys_addr, size_t size, ULONG prot, uintptr_t fd = 0) {
-        const size_t aligned_size = Common::AlignUp(size, 16_KB);
+        // Before mapping we must carve a placeholder with the exact properties of our mapping.
-        const auto it = placeholders.find(virtual_addr);
+        auto* region = EnsureSplitRegionForMapping(virtual_addr, size);
-        ASSERT_MSG(it != placeholders.end(), "Cannot map already mapped region");
+        region->is_mapped = true;
-        ASSERT_MSG(virtual_addr >= it->lower() && virtual_addr + aligned_size <= it->upper(),
-                   "Map range must be fully contained in a placeholder");
-
-        // Windows only allows splitting a placeholder into two.
-        // This means that if the map range is fully
-        // contained the the placeholder we need to perform two split operations,
-        // one at the start and at the end.
-        const VAddr placeholder_start = it->lower();
-        const VAddr placeholder_end = it->upper();
-        const VAddr virtual_end = virtual_addr + aligned_size;
-
-        // If the placeholder doesn't exactly start at virtual_addr, split it at the start.
-        if (placeholder_start != virtual_addr) {
-            VirtualFreeEx(process, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(placeholder_start),
-                          virtual_addr - placeholder_start, MEM_RELEASE | MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER);
-        }
-
-        // If the placeholder doesn't exactly end at virtual_end, split it at the end.
-        if (placeholder_end != virtual_end) {
-            VirtualFreeEx(process, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(virtual_end),
-                          placeholder_end - virtual_end, MEM_RELEASE | MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER);
-        }
-
-        // Remove the placeholder.
-        placeholders.erase({virtual_addr, virtual_end});
-
-        // Perform the map.
         void* ptr = nullptr;
         if (phys_addr != -1) {
             HANDLE backing = fd ? reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(fd) : backing_handle;
             if (fd && prot == PAGE_READONLY) {
                 DWORD resultvar;
-                ptr = VirtualAlloc2(process, reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(virtual_addr), aligned_size,
+                ptr = VirtualAlloc2(process, reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(virtual_addr), size,
                                     MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT | MEM_REPLACE_PLACEHOLDER,
                                     PAGE_READWRITE, nullptr, 0);
                 bool ret = ReadFile(backing, ptr, size, &resultvar, NULL);
@@ -176,12 +157,12 @@ struct AddressSpace::Impl {
                 ASSERT_MSG(ret, "VirtualProtect failed. {}", Common::GetLastErrorMsg());
             } else {
                 ptr = MapViewOfFile3(backing, process, reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(virtual_addr),
-                                     phys_addr, aligned_size, MEM_REPLACE_PLACEHOLDER, prot,
+                                     phys_addr, size, MEM_REPLACE_PLACEHOLDER, prot,
                                      nullptr, 0);
             }
         } else {
             ptr =
-                VirtualAlloc2(process, reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(virtual_addr), aligned_size,
+                VirtualAlloc2(process, reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(virtual_addr), size,
                               MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT | MEM_REPLACE_PLACEHOLDER, prot, nullptr, 0);
         }
         ASSERT_MSG(ptr, "{}", Common::GetLastErrorMsg());
@@ -202,33 +183,114 @@ struct AddressSpace::Impl {
 
         // The unmap call will create a new placeholder region. We need to see if we can coalesce it
         // with neighbors.
-        VAddr placeholder_start = virtual_addr;
+        JoinRegionsAfterUnmap(virtual_addr, size);
-        VAddr placeholder_end = virtual_addr + size;
+    }
+
+    // The following code is inspired from Dolphin's MemArena
+    // https://github.com/dolphin-emu/dolphin/blob/deee3ee4/Source/Core/Common/MemArenaWin.cpp#L212
+    MemoryRegion* EnsureSplitRegionForMapping(VAddr address, size_t size) {
+        // Find closest region that is <= the given address by using upper bound and decrementing
+        auto it = regions.upper_bound(address);
+        ASSERT_MSG(it != regions.begin(), "Invalid address {:#x}", address);
+        --it;
+        ASSERT_MSG(!it->second.is_mapped,
+                   "Attempt to map {:#x} with size {:#x} which overlaps with {:#x} mapping",
+                   address, size, it->second.base);
+        auto& [base, region] = *it;
+
+        const VAddr mapping_address = region.base;
+        const size_t region_size = region.size;
+        if (mapping_address == address) {
+            // If this region is already split up correctly we don't have to do anything
+            if (region_size == size) {
+                return &region;
+            }
+
+            ASSERT_MSG(region_size >= size,
+                       "Region with address {:#x} and size {:#x} can't fit {:#x}", mapping_address,
+                       region_size, size);
+
+            // Split the placeholder.
+            if (!VirtualFreeEx(process, LPVOID(address), size, MEM_RELEASE | MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER)) {
+                UNREACHABLE_MSG("Region splitting failed: {}", Common::GetLastErrorMsg());
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+
+            // Update tracked mappings and return the first of the two
+            region.size = size;
+            const VAddr new_mapping_start = address + size;
+            regions.emplace_hint(std::next(it), new_mapping_start,
+                                      MemoryRegion(new_mapping_start, region_size - size, false));
+            return &region;
+        }
+
+        ASSERT(mapping_address < address);
+
+        // Is there enough space to map this?
+        const size_t offset_in_region = address - mapping_address;
+        const size_t minimum_size = size + offset_in_region;
+        ASSERT(region_size >= minimum_size);
+
+        // Split the placeholder.
+        if (!VirtualFreeEx(process, LPVOID(address), size, MEM_RELEASE | MEM_PRESERVE_PLACEHOLDER)) {
+            UNREACHABLE_MSG("Region splitting failed: {}", Common::GetLastErrorMsg());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // Do we now have two regions or three regions?
+        if (region_size == minimum_size) {
+            // Split into two; update tracked mappings and return the second one
+            region.size = offset_in_region;
+            it = regions.emplace_hint(std::next(it), address,
+                                           MemoryRegion(address, size, false));
+            return &it->second;
+        } else {
+            // Split into three; update tracked mappings and return the middle one
+            region.size = offset_in_region;
+            const VAddr middle_mapping_start = address;
+            const size_t middle_mapping_size = size;
+            const VAddr after_mapping_start = address + size;
+            const size_t after_mapping_size = region_size - minimum_size;
+            it = regions.emplace_hint(std::next(it),
+                         after_mapping_start, MemoryRegion(after_mapping_start, after_mapping_size, false));
+            it = regions.emplace_hint(it, middle_mapping_start,
+                           MemoryRegion(middle_mapping_start, middle_mapping_size, false));
+            return &it->second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void JoinRegionsAfterUnmap(VAddr address, size_t size) {
+        // There should be a mapping that matches the request exactly, find it
+        auto it = regions.find(address);
+        ASSERT_MSG(it != regions.end() && it->second.size == size,
+                   "Invalid address/size given to unmap.");
+        auto& [base, region] = *it;
+        region.is_mapped = false;
         
         // Check if a placeholder exists right before us.
-        const auto left_it = placeholders.find(virtual_addr - 1);
+        auto it_prev = it != regions.begin() ? std::prev(it) : regions.end();
-        if (left_it != placeholders.end()) {
+        if (it_prev != regions.end() && !it_prev->second.is_mapped) {
-            ASSERT_MSG(left_it->upper() == virtual_addr,
+            const size_t total_size = it_prev->second.size + size;
-                       "Left placeholder does not end at virtual_addr!");
+            if (!VirtualFreeEx(process, LPVOID(it_prev->first), total_size,
-            placeholder_start = left_it->lower();
+                             MEM_RELEASE | MEM_COALESCE_PLACEHOLDERS)) {
-            VirtualFreeEx(process, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(placeholder_start),
+                UNREACHABLE_MSG("Region coalescing failed: {}", Common::GetLastErrorMsg());
-                          placeholder_end - placeholder_start,
+            }
-                          MEM_RELEASE | MEM_COALESCE_PLACEHOLDERS);
+
+            it_prev->second.size = total_size;
+            it = regions.erase(it);
         }
 
         // Check if a placeholder exists right after us.
-        const auto right_it = placeholders.find(placeholder_end + 1);
+        auto it_next = std::next(it);
-        if (right_it != placeholders.end()) {
+        if (it_next != regions.end() && !it_next->second.is_mapped) {
-            ASSERT_MSG(right_it->lower() == placeholder_end,
+            const size_t total_size = size + it_next->second.size;
-                       "Right placeholder does not start at virtual_end!");
+            if (!VirtualFreeEx(process, LPVOID(it->first), total_size, MEM_RELEASE | MEM_COALESCE_PLACEHOLDERS)) {
-            placeholder_end = right_it->upper();
+                UNREACHABLE_MSG("Region coalescing failed: {}", Common::GetLastErrorMsg());
-            VirtualFreeEx(process, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(placeholder_start),
-                          placeholder_end - placeholder_start,
-                          MEM_RELEASE | MEM_COALESCE_PLACEHOLDERS);
             }
 
-        // Insert the new placeholder.
+            it->second.size = total_size;
-        placeholders.insert({placeholder_start, placeholder_end});
+            regions.erase(it_next);
+        }
     }
 
     void Protect(VAddr virtual_addr, size_t size, bool read, bool write, bool execute) {
@@ -251,18 +313,21 @@ struct AddressSpace::Impl {
             return;
         }
 
-        DWORD old_flags{};
+        const VAddr virtual_end = virtual_addr + size;
-        bool success =
+        auto it = --regions.upper_bound(virtual_addr);
-            VirtualProtect(reinterpret_cast<void*>(virtual_addr), size, new_flags, &old_flags);
+        for (; it->first < virtual_end; it++) {
-
+            if (!it->second.is_mapped) {
-        if (!success) {
+                continue;
-            LOG_ERROR(Common_Memory,
+            }
-                      "Failed to change virtual memory protection for address {:#x}, size {}",
+            const auto& region = it->second;
-                      virtual_addr, size);
+            const size_t range_addr = std::max(region.base, virtual_addr);
+            const size_t range_size = std::min(region.base + region.size, virtual_end) - range_addr;
+            DWORD old_flags{};
+            if (!VirtualProtectEx(process, LPVOID(range_addr), range_size, new_flags, &old_flags)) {
+                UNREACHABLE_MSG("Failed to change virtual memory protection for address {:#x}, size {}",
+                                range_addr, range_size);
+            }
         }
-
-        // Use assert to ensure success in debug builds
-        DEBUG_ASSERT(success && "Failed to change virtual memory protection");
     }
 
     HANDLE process{};
@@ -275,7 +340,7 @@ struct AddressSpace::Impl {
     size_t system_reserved_size{};
     u8* user_base{};
     size_t user_size{};
-    boost::icl::separate_interval_set<uintptr_t> placeholders;
+    std::map<VAddr, MemoryRegion> regions;
 };
 #else
 

src/core/libraries/kernel/memory.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/singleton.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/fs.h"
@@ -145,11 +146,6 @@ s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelReserveVirtualRange(void** addr, u64 len, int flags, u
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelMapNamedDirectMemory(void** addr, u64 len, int prot, int flags,
                                                s64 directMemoryStart, u64 alignment,
                                                const char* name) {
-    LOG_INFO(Kernel_Vmm,
-             "addr = {}, len = {:#x}, prot = {:#x}, flags = {:#x}, directMemoryStart = {:#x}, "
-             "alignment = {:#x}",
-             fmt::ptr(*addr), len, prot, flags, directMemoryStart, alignment);
-
     if (len == 0 || !Common::Is16KBAligned(len)) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_Vmm, "Map size is either zero or not 16KB aligned!");
         return SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL;
@@ -168,6 +164,13 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelMapNamedDirectMemory(void** addr, u64 len, int prot, i
     const VAddr in_addr = reinterpret_cast<VAddr>(*addr);
     const auto mem_prot = static_cast<Core::MemoryProt>(prot);
     const auto map_flags = static_cast<Core::MemoryMapFlags>(flags);
+    SCOPE_EXIT {
+        LOG_INFO(Kernel_Vmm,
+                 "in_addr = {:#x}, out_addr = {}, len = {:#x}, prot = {:#x}, flags = {:#x}, directMemoryStart = {:#x}, "
+                 "alignment = {:#x}",
+                 in_addr, fmt::ptr(*addr), len, prot, flags, directMemoryStart, alignment);
+    };
+
     auto* memory = Core::Memory::Instance();
     return memory->MapMemory(addr, in_addr, len, mem_prot, map_flags, Core::VMAType::Direct, "",
                              false, directMemoryStart, alignment);
@@ -201,13 +204,13 @@ s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelMapNamedFlexibleMemory(void** addr_in_out, std::size_t
     const VAddr in_addr = reinterpret_cast<VAddr>(*addr_in_out);
     const auto mem_prot = static_cast<Core::MemoryProt>(prot);
     const auto map_flags = static_cast<Core::MemoryMapFlags>(flags);
+    SCOPE_EXIT {
+        LOG_INFO(Kernel_Vmm, "in_addr = {:#x}, out_addr = {}, len = {:#x}, prot = {:#x}, flags = {:#x}",
+                 in_addr, fmt::ptr(*addr_in_out), len, prot, flags);
+    };
     auto* memory = Core::Memory::Instance();
-    const int ret = memory->MapMemory(addr_in_out, in_addr, len, mem_prot, map_flags,
+    return memory->MapMemory(addr_in_out, in_addr, len, mem_prot, map_flags,
                              Core::VMAType::Flexible, name);
-
-    LOG_INFO(Kernel_Vmm, "addr = {}, len = {:#x}, prot = {:#x}, flags = {:#x}",
-             fmt::ptr(*addr_in_out), len, prot, flags);
-    return ret;
 }
 
 s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelMapFlexibleMemory(void** addr_in_out, std::size_t len, int prot,

src/core/libraries/kernel/threads/pthread.h

@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ struct PthreadAttr {
 };
 using PthreadAttrT = PthreadAttr*;
 
-static constexpr u32 ThrStackDefault = 2_MB;
+static constexpr u32 ThrStackDefault = 1_MB;
-static constexpr u32 ThrStackInitial = 2 * ThrStackDefault;
+static constexpr u32 ThrStackInitial = 2_MB;
 static constexpr u32 ThrPageSize = 16_KB;
 static constexpr u32 ThrGuardDefault = ThrPageSize;
 

src/core/libraries/kernel/threads/stack.cpp

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ int ThreadState::CreateStack(PthreadAttr* attr) {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    VAddr stackaddr;
-
     /*
      * Round up stack size to nearest multiple of _thr_page_size so
      * that mmap() * will work.  If the stack size is not an even
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ int ThreadState::CreateStack(PthreadAttr* attr) {
     }
 
     /* Allocate a new stack. */
-    stackaddr = last_stack - stacksize - guardsize;
+    VAddr stackaddr = last_stack - stacksize - guardsize;
 
     /*
      * Even if stack allocation fails, we don't want to try to

src/core/memory.h

@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ public:
         rasterizer = rasterizer_;
     }
 
+    AddressSpace& GetAddressSpace() {
+        return impl;
+    }
+
     u64 GetTotalDirectSize() const {
         return total_direct_size;
     }

src/core/module.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-#pragma clang optimize off
+
 #include <cryptopp/sha.h>
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"

src/video_core/amdgpu/liverpool.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-#pragma clang optimize off
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/config.h"
 #include "common/debug.h"
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ Liverpool::Task Liverpool::ProcessGraphics(std::span<const u32> dcb, std::span<c
                                            sizeof(u32), false);
                 } else if (dma_data->src_sel == DmaDataSrc::Gds &&
                            dma_data->dst_sel == DmaDataDst::Memory) {
-                    LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan, "GDS memory read");
+                    //LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan, "GDS memory read");
                 } else if (dma_data->src_sel == DmaDataSrc::Memory &&
                            dma_data->dst_sel == DmaDataDst::Memory) {
                     rasterizer->InlineData(dma_data->DstAddress<VAddr>(),

src/video_core/page_manager.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/error.h"
 #include "common/signal_context.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
 #include "core/signals.h"
 #include "video_core/page_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h"
@@ -145,15 +146,11 @@ struct PageManager::Impl {
         ASSERT_MSG(owned_ranges.find(address) != owned_ranges.end(),
                    "Attempted to track non-GPU memory at address {:#x}, size {:#x}.", address,
                    size);
-#ifdef _WIN32
+        auto* memory = Core::Memory::Instance();
-        DWORD prot = allow_write ? PAGE_READWRITE : PAGE_READONLY;
+        auto& impl = memory->GetAddressSpace();
-        DWORD old_prot{};
+        impl.Protect(address, size,
-        BOOL result = VirtualProtect(std::bit_cast<LPVOID>(address), size, prot, &old_prot);
+                     allow_write ? Core::MemoryPermission::ReadWrite
-        ASSERT_MSG(result != 0, "Region protection failed");
+                                 : Core::MemoryPermission::Read);
-#else
-        mprotect(reinterpret_cast<void*>(address), size,
-                 PROT_READ | (allow_write ? PROT_WRITE : 0));
-#endif
     }
 
     static bool GuestFaultSignalHandler(void* context, void* fault_address) {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_platform.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-#pragma clang optimize off
+
 // Include the vulkan platform specific header
 #if defined(ANDROID)
 #define VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR