Frontend/GPU: Refactor context management

Changes the GraphicsContext to be managed by the GPU core. This
eliminates the need for the frontends to fool around with tricky
MakeCurrent/DoneCurrent calls that are dependent on the settings (such
as async gpu option).

This also refactors out the need to use QWidget::fromWindowContainer as
that caused issues with focus and input handling. Now we use a regular
QWidget and just access the native windowHandle() directly.

Another change is removing the debug tool setting in FrameMailbox.
Instead of trying to block the frontend until a new frame is ready, the
core will now take over presentation and draw directly to the window if
the renderer detects that its hooked by NSight or RenderDoc

Lastly, since it was in the way, I removed ScopeAcquireWindowContext and
replaced it with a simple subclass in GraphicsContext that achieves the
same result

src/video_core/gpu.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/core_timing_util.h"
+#include "core/frontend/emu_window.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h"
@@ -16,14 +17,15 @@
 #include "video_core/gpu.h"
 #include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
+#include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 namespace Tegra {
 
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(GPU_wait, "GPU", "Wait for the GPU", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
 
-GPU::GPU(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer, bool is_async)
-    : system{system}, renderer{renderer}, is_async{is_async} {
-    auto& rasterizer{renderer.Rasterizer()};
+GPU::GPU(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer_, bool is_async)
+    : system{system}, renderer{std::move(renderer_)}, is_async{is_async} {
+    auto& rasterizer{renderer->Rasterizer()};
     memory_manager = std::make_unique<Tegra::MemoryManager>(system, rasterizer);
     dma_pusher = std::make_unique<Tegra::DmaPusher>(*this);
     maxwell_3d = std::make_unique<Engines::Maxwell3D>(system, rasterizer, *memory_manager);
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ u64 GPU::GetTicks() const {
 }
 
 void GPU::FlushCommands() {
-    renderer.Rasterizer().FlushCommands();
+    renderer->Rasterizer().FlushCommands();
 }
 
 // Note that, traditionally, methods are treated as 4-byte addressable locations, and hence

src/video_core/gpu.h

@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@ inline u8* FromCacheAddr(CacheAddr cache_addr) {
 }
 
 namespace Core {
-class System;
+namespace Frontend {
+class EmuWindow;
 }
+class System;
+} // namespace Core
 
 namespace VideoCore {
 class RendererBase;
@@ -129,7 +132,8 @@ class MemoryManager;
 
 class GPU {
 public:
-    explicit GPU(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer, bool is_async);
+    explicit GPU(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer,
+                 bool is_async);
 
     virtual ~GPU();
 
@@ -174,6 +178,14 @@ public:
     /// Returns a reference to the GPU DMA pusher.
     Tegra::DmaPusher& DmaPusher();
 
+    VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() {
+        return *renderer;
+    }
+
+    const VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() const {
+        return *renderer;
+    }
+
     // Waits for the GPU to finish working
     virtual void WaitIdle() const = 0;
 
@@ -287,7 +299,7 @@ private:
 protected:
     std::unique_ptr<Tegra::DmaPusher> dma_pusher;
     Core::System& system;
-    VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer;
+    std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer;
 
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<Tegra::MemoryManager> memory_manager;

src/video_core/gpu_asynch.cpp

@@ -10,13 +10,16 @@
 
 namespace VideoCommon {
 
-GPUAsynch::GPUAsynch(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer)
-    : GPU(system, renderer, true), gpu_thread{system} {}
+GPUAsynch::GPUAsynch(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer_,
+                     std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext>&& context)
+    : GPU(system, std::move(renderer_), true), gpu_thread{system}, gpu_context(std::move(context)),
+      cpu_context(renderer->GetRenderWindow().CreateSharedContext()) {}
 
 GPUAsynch::~GPUAsynch() = default;
 
 void GPUAsynch::Start() {
-    gpu_thread.StartThread(renderer, *dma_pusher);
+    cpu_context->MakeCurrent();
+    gpu_thread.StartThread(*renderer, *gpu_context, *dma_pusher);
 }
 
 void GPUAsynch::PushGPUEntries(Tegra::CommandList&& entries) {

src/video_core/gpu_asynch.h

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #include "video_core/gpu.h"
 #include "video_core/gpu_thread.h"
 
+namespace Core::Frontend {
+class GraphicsContext;
+}
+
 namespace VideoCore {
 class RendererBase;
 } // namespace VideoCore
@@ -16,7 +20,8 @@ namespace VideoCommon {
 /// Implementation of GPU interface that runs the GPU asynchronously
 class GPUAsynch final : public Tegra::GPU {
 public:
-    explicit GPUAsynch(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer);
+    explicit GPUAsynch(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer,
+                       std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext>&& context);
     ~GPUAsynch() override;
 
     void Start() override;
@@ -32,6 +37,8 @@ protected:
 
 private:
     GPUThread::ThreadManager gpu_thread;
+    std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> cpu_context;
+    std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> gpu_context;
 };
 
 } // namespace VideoCommon

src/video_core/gpu_synch.cpp

@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@
 
 namespace VideoCommon {
 
-GPUSynch::GPUSynch(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer)
-    : GPU(system, renderer, false) {}
+GPUSynch::GPUSynch(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer,
+                   std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext>&& context)
+    : GPU(system, std::move(renderer), false), context{std::move(context)} {}
 
 GPUSynch::~GPUSynch() = default;
 
-void GPUSynch::Start() {}
+void GPUSynch::Start() {
+    context->MakeCurrent();
+}
 
 void GPUSynch::PushGPUEntries(Tegra::CommandList&& entries) {
     dma_pusher->Push(std::move(entries));
@@ -20,19 +23,19 @@ void GPUSynch::PushGPUEntries(Tegra::CommandList&& entries) {
 }
 
 void GPUSynch::SwapBuffers(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) {
-    renderer.SwapBuffers(framebuffer);
+    renderer->SwapBuffers(framebuffer);
 }
 
 void GPUSynch::FlushRegion(CacheAddr addr, u64 size) {
-    renderer.Rasterizer().FlushRegion(addr, size);
+    renderer->Rasterizer().FlushRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
 void GPUSynch::InvalidateRegion(CacheAddr addr, u64 size) {
-    renderer.Rasterizer().InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
+    renderer->Rasterizer().InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
 void GPUSynch::FlushAndInvalidateRegion(CacheAddr addr, u64 size) {
-    renderer.Rasterizer().FlushAndInvalidateRegion(addr, size);
+    renderer->Rasterizer().FlushAndInvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
 } // namespace VideoCommon

src/video_core/gpu_synch.h

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
 
 #include "video_core/gpu.h"
 
+namespace Core::Frontend {
+class GraphicsContext;
+}
+
 namespace VideoCore {
 class RendererBase;
 } // namespace VideoCore
@@ -15,7 +19,8 @@ namespace VideoCommon {
 /// Implementation of GPU interface that runs the GPU synchronously
 class GPUSynch final : public Tegra::GPU {
 public:
-    explicit GPUSynch(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer);
+    explicit GPUSynch(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer,
+                      std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext>&& context);
     ~GPUSynch() override;
 
     void Start() override;
@@ -29,6 +34,9 @@ public:
 protected:
     void TriggerCpuInterrupt([[maybe_unused]] u32 syncpoint_id,
                              [[maybe_unused]] u32 value) const override {}
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context;
 };
 
 } // namespace VideoCommon

src/video_core/gpu_thread.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/frontend/scope_acquire_context.h"
+#include "core/frontend/emu_window.h"
 #include "video_core/dma_pusher.h"
 #include "video_core/gpu.h"
 #include "video_core/gpu_thread.h"
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 namespace VideoCommon::GPUThread {
 
 /// Runs the GPU thread
-static void RunThread(VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer, Tegra::DmaPusher& dma_pusher,
-                      SynchState& state) {
+static void RunThread(VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer, Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context,
+                      Tegra::DmaPusher& dma_pusher, SynchState& state) {
     MicroProfileOnThreadCreate("GpuThread");
 
     // Wait for first GPU command before acquiring the window context
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ static void RunThread(VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer, Tegra::DmaPusher& dma_p
         return;
     }
 
-    Core::Frontend::ScopeAcquireContext acquire_context{renderer.GetRenderWindow()};
+    auto current_context = context.Acquire();
 
     CommandDataContainer next;
     while (state.is_running) {
@@ -62,8 +62,11 @@ ThreadManager::~ThreadManager() {
     thread.join();
 }
 
-void ThreadManager::StartThread(VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer, Tegra::DmaPusher& dma_pusher) {
-    thread = std::thread{RunThread, std::ref(renderer), std::ref(dma_pusher), std::ref(state)};
+void ThreadManager::StartThread(VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer,
+                                Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context,
+                                Tegra::DmaPusher& dma_pusher) {
+    thread = std::thread{RunThread, std::ref(renderer), std::ref(context), std::ref(dma_pusher),
+                         std::ref(state)};
 }
 
 void ThreadManager::SubmitList(Tegra::CommandList&& entries) {

src/video_core/gpu_thread.h

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <thread>
 #include <variant>
-
 #include "common/threadsafe_queue.h"
 #include "video_core/gpu.h"
 
@@ -20,6 +19,9 @@ class DmaPusher;
 } // namespace Tegra
 
 namespace Core {
+namespace Frontend {
+class GraphicsContext;
+}
 class System;
 } // namespace Core
 
@@ -99,7 +101,8 @@ public:
     ~ThreadManager();
 
     /// Creates and starts the GPU thread.
-    void StartThread(VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer, Tegra::DmaPusher& dma_pusher);
+    void StartThread(VideoCore::RendererBase& renderer, Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context,
+                     Tegra::DmaPusher& dma_pusher);
 
     /// Push GPU command entries to be processed
     void SubmitList(Tegra::CommandList&& entries);

src/video_core/renderer_base.h

@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ public:
 
     /// Draws the latest frame to the window waiting timeout_ms for a frame to arrive (Renderer
     /// specific implementation)
-    virtual void TryPresent(int timeout_ms) = 0;
+    /// Returns true if a frame was drawn
+    virtual bool TryPresent(int timeout_ms) = 0;
 
     // Getter/setter functions:
     // ------------------------

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp

@@ -305,7 +305,6 @@ void ShaderCacheOpenGL::LoadDiskCache(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
     }
 
     const std::vector gl_cache = disk_cache.LoadPrecompiled();
-    const auto supported_formats = GetSupportedFormats();
 
     // Track if precompiled cache was altered during loading to know if we have to
     // serialize the virtual precompiled cache file back to the hard drive
@@ -327,8 +326,8 @@ void ShaderCacheOpenGL::LoadDiskCache(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
 
     const auto worker = [&](Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext* context, std::size_t begin,
                             std::size_t end) {
-        context->MakeCurrent();
-        SCOPE_EXIT({ return context->DoneCurrent(); });
+        const auto scope = context->Acquire();
+        const auto supported_formats = GetSupportedFormats();
 
         for (std::size_t i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
             if (stop_loading) {

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <memory>
-
 #include <glad/glad.h>
-
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
@@ -30,8 +28,6 @@ namespace OpenGL {
 
 namespace {
 
-// If the size of this is too small, it ends up creating a soft cap on FPS as the renderer will have
-// to wait on available presentation frames.
 constexpr std::size_t SWAP_CHAIN_SIZE = 3;
 
 struct Frame {
@@ -214,7 +210,7 @@ public:
     std::deque<Frame*> present_queue;
     Frame* previous_frame{};
 
-    FrameMailbox() : has_debug_tool{HasDebugTool()} {
+    FrameMailbox() {
         for (auto& frame : swap_chain) {
             free_queue.push(&frame);
         }
@@ -285,13 +281,9 @@ public:
         std::unique_lock lock{swap_chain_lock};
         present_queue.push_front(frame);
         present_cv.notify_one();
-
-        DebugNotifyNextFrame();
     }
 
     Frame* TryGetPresentFrame(int timeout_ms) {
-        DebugWaitForNextFrame();
-
         std::unique_lock lock{swap_chain_lock};
         // wait for new entries in the present_queue
         present_cv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout_ms),
@@ -317,38 +309,12 @@ public:
         previous_frame = frame;
         return frame;
     }
-
-private:
-    std::mutex debug_synch_mutex;
-    std::condition_variable debug_synch_condition;
-    std::atomic_int frame_for_debug{};
-    const bool has_debug_tool; // When true, using a GPU debugger, so keep frames in lock-step
-
-    /// Signal that a new frame is available (called from GPU thread)
-    void DebugNotifyNextFrame() {
-        if (!has_debug_tool) {
-            return;
-        }
-        frame_for_debug++;
-        std::lock_guard lock{debug_synch_mutex};
-        debug_synch_condition.notify_one();
-    }
-
-    /// Wait for a new frame to be available (called from presentation thread)
-    void DebugWaitForNextFrame() {
-        if (!has_debug_tool) {
-            return;
-        }
-        const int last_frame = frame_for_debug;
-        std::unique_lock lock{debug_synch_mutex};
-        debug_synch_condition.wait(lock,
-                                   [this, last_frame] { return frame_for_debug > last_frame; });
-    }
 };
 
-RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system)
-    : VideoCore::RendererBase{emu_window}, emu_window{emu_window}, system{system},
-      frame_mailbox{std::make_unique<FrameMailbox>()} {}
+RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system,
+                               Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context)
+    : VideoCore::RendererBase{emu_window}, emu_window{emu_window}, system{system}, frame_mailbox{},
+      has_debug_tool{HasDebugTool()}, context{context} {}
 
 RendererOpenGL::~RendererOpenGL() = default;
 
@@ -356,8 +322,6 @@ MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_RenderFrame, "OpenGL", "Render Frame", MP_RGB(128, 12
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_WaitPresent, "OpenGL", "Wait For Present", MP_RGB(128, 128, 128));
 
 void RendererOpenGL::SwapBuffers(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) {
-    render_window.PollEvents();
-
     if (!framebuffer) {
         return;
     }
@@ -413,6 +377,13 @@ void RendererOpenGL::SwapBuffers(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) {
         m_current_frame++;
         rasterizer->TickFrame();
     }
+
+    render_window.PollEvents();
+    if (has_debug_tool) {
+        glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+        Present(0);
+        context.SwapBuffers();
+    }
 }
 
 void RendererOpenGL::PrepareRendertarget(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) {
@@ -480,6 +451,8 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadColorToActiveGLTexture(u8 color_r, u8 color_g, u8 color
 }
 
 void RendererOpenGL::InitOpenGLObjects() {
+    frame_mailbox = std::make_unique<FrameMailbox>();
+
     glClearColor(Settings::values.bg_red, Settings::values.bg_green, Settings::values.bg_blue,
                  0.0f);
 
@@ -692,12 +665,21 @@ void RendererOpenGL::DrawScreen(const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout) {
     glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
 }
 
-void RendererOpenGL::TryPresent(int timeout_ms) {
+bool RendererOpenGL::TryPresent(int timeout_ms) {
+    if (has_debug_tool) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Render_OpenGL,
+                  "Skipping presentation because we are presenting on the main context");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return Present(timeout_ms);
+}
+
+bool RendererOpenGL::Present(int timeout_ms) {
     const auto& layout = render_window.GetFramebufferLayout();
     auto frame = frame_mailbox->TryGetPresentFrame(timeout_ms);
     if (!frame) {
         LOG_DEBUG(Render_OpenGL, "TryGetPresentFrame returned no frame to present");
-        return;
+        return false;
     }
 
     // Clearing before a full overwrite of a fbo can signal to drivers that they can avoid a
@@ -725,6 +707,7 @@ void RendererOpenGL::TryPresent(int timeout_ms) {
     glFlush();
 
     glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+    return true;
 }
 
 void RendererOpenGL::RenderScreenshot() {

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h

@@ -55,13 +55,14 @@ class FrameMailbox;
 
 class RendererOpenGL final : public VideoCore::RendererBase {
 public:
-    explicit RendererOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system);
+    explicit RendererOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system,
+                            Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context);
     ~RendererOpenGL() override;
 
     bool Init() override;
     void ShutDown() override;
     void SwapBuffers(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) override;
-    void TryPresent(int timeout_ms) override;
+    bool TryPresent(int timeout_ms) override;
 
 private:
     /// Initializes the OpenGL state and creates persistent objects.
@@ -89,8 +90,11 @@ private:
 
     void PrepareRendertarget(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer);
 
+    bool Present(int timeout_ms);
+
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window;
     Core::System& system;
+    Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context;
 
     StateTracker state_tracker{system};
 
@@ -115,6 +119,8 @@ private:
 
     /// Frame presentation mailbox
     std::unique_ptr<FrameMailbox> frame_mailbox;
+
+    bool has_debug_tool = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace OpenGL

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp

@@ -141,8 +141,9 @@ void RendererVulkan::SwapBuffers(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) {
     render_window.PollEvents();
 }
 
-void RendererVulkan::TryPresent(int /*timeout_ms*/) {
+bool RendererVulkan::TryPresent(int /*timeout_ms*/) {
     // TODO (bunnei): ImplementMe
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool RendererVulkan::Init() {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public:
     bool Init() override;
     void ShutDown() override;
     void SwapBuffers(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) override;
-    void TryPresent(int timeout_ms) override;
+    bool TryPresent(int timeout_ms) override;
 
 private:
     std::optional<vk::DebugUtilsMessengerEXT> CreateDebugCallback(

src/video_core/video_core.cpp

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
 #endif
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
-namespace VideoCore {
-
-std::unique_ptr<RendererBase> CreateRenderer(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
-                                             Core::System& system) {
+namespace {
+std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> CreateRenderer(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+                                                        Core::System& system,
+                                                        Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context) {
     switch (Settings::values.renderer_backend) {
     case Settings::RendererBackend::OpenGL:
-        return std::make_unique<OpenGL::RendererOpenGL>(emu_window, system);
+        return std::make_unique<OpenGL::RendererOpenGL>(emu_window, system, context);
 #ifdef HAS_VULKAN
     case Settings::RendererBackend::Vulkan:
         return std::make_unique<Vulkan::RendererVulkan>(emu_window, system);
@@ -30,13 +30,23 @@ std::unique_ptr<RendererBase> CreateRenderer(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_wind
         return nullptr;
     }
 }
+} // namespace
 
-std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> CreateGPU(Core::System& system) {
-    if (Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation) {
-        return std::make_unique<VideoCommon::GPUAsynch>(system, system.Renderer());
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> CreateGPU(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system) {
+    auto context = emu_window.CreateSharedContext();
+    const auto scope = context->Acquire();
+    auto renderer = CreateRenderer(emu_window, system, *context);
+    if (!renderer->Init()) {
+        return {};
     }
 
-    return std::make_unique<VideoCommon::GPUSynch>(system, system.Renderer());
+    if (Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation) {
+        return std::make_unique<VideoCommon::GPUAsynch>(system, std::move(renderer),
+                                                        std::move(context));
+    }
+    return std::make_unique<VideoCommon::GPUSynch>(system, std::move(renderer), std::move(context));
 }
 
 u16 GetResolutionScaleFactor(const RendererBase& renderer) {

src/video_core/video_core.h

@@ -22,17 +22,8 @@ namespace VideoCore {
 
 class RendererBase;
 
-/**
- * Creates a renderer instance.
- *
- * @note The returned renderer instance is simply allocated. Its Init()
- *       function still needs to be called to fully complete its setup.
- */
-std::unique_ptr<RendererBase> CreateRenderer(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
-                                             Core::System& system);
-
 /// Creates an emulated GPU instance using the given system context.
-std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> CreateGPU(Core::System& system);
+std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> CreateGPU(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system);
 
 u16 GetResolutionScaleFactor(const RendererBase& renderer);